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Fig 1: Normal, unmodified neutral face, with which the modified pictures are compared. The unmodified neutral face was perceived as happy by the tested individuals. The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 1

Fig 2: Pretarsal show was increased, leading to an increased perception of tiredness and sadness. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 2

Fig 3: Total eyebrow elevation was perceived as a sad and tired facial expression. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 3

Fig 4: Hooding, or decreased pretarsal show, was perceived primarily as tiredness. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
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Fig 5: A significant increase in perceived facial expression of anger and disgust was achieved with medial eyebrow depression. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 5

Fig 6: Disgust and anger were perceived with the presence of rhytides of the radix. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 6

Fig 7: Upper lid elevation was perceived as surprise and fear. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 7

Fig 8: Lateral brow elevation led to an increased perception of surprise. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 8

Fig 9: Medial brow elevation was perceived as a sad facial expression. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 9

Fig 10: Lower eyelid elevation was perceived as happy. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 10

Fig 11: Upper lid depression, simulating upper eyelid ptosis, was perceived as tiredness. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.
High resolution version of Figure 11

Fig 12: The presence of crow’s feet led to a perceived facial expression of happiness. Statistical significance for the individual facial expressions is indicated with an asterisk (p<0.05). The Y-axis represents the means of the ratings.